8/13/2023 0 Comments Worms 3d cd2ASEL is primarily sensitive to Na +, whereas ASER is primarily sensitive to Cl - and K + ( Bargmann, 2006 Pierce-Shimomura et al., 2001 Bargmann and Horvitz, 1991). ASE neurons respond to stepwise changes in NaCl concentration rather than absolute concentration. In the absence of ASE neurons, ADF, ASG, ASI, ASK, and ASJ carry out a weak residual response ( Bargmann, 2006). Simultaneous ablation of all amphid and phasmid neurons except ASE spares chemotaxis, indicating that the role of ASE in water-soluble chemotaxis is the most important. Chemotaxis to water soluble attractants including Na +, Cl -, cAMP, biotin and lysine. ( Wormbase Chatzigeorgiou et al., 2013 Mills et al., 2012 Altun, 2011 Takayama et al., 2010 Etchberger et al., 2007 Ortiz et al., 2006 Tomiaka et al 2006 Coates and de Bono, 2002 Colbert et al., 1997 Yu et al., 1997). Transient receptor potential ion channel (TRPC family) TRPA-2 transient receptor potential ion channel (TRPA, TRPM and TRPV ion channel families are considered "thermoTRPs" that sense temperature") TMC-1 putative cation channel, salt-sensing receptor SRX-76 G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor SRG-30 G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor SRD-33 G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor SRAB-14 G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor OSM-9 TRPV (transient receptor potential channel, vanilloid subfamily mammalian capsaicin receptor-like channel) NPR-5 receptor for flp-3 and flp-18 encoded peptides NPR-1 receptor for flp-18- and flp-21-encoded peptides GCY-19 bilaterally expressed (faint) ( Ortiz et al., 2006) vs only in ASER ( Takayama et al., 2010). DOP-5 homolog of mammalian dopamine and serotonin receptors DOP-3 mammalian D2-like dopamine receptor DAF-2 functional studies suggest DAF-2 (RTK ins/IGF rec ortholog) is possibly expressed in ASER DEL-4 degenerin-like, amiloride-sensitive channel DEL-3 degenerin-like, amiloride-sensitive channel comm.)ĪSE neurons have no gap junctions in the adult ( MoW), and no innexin expression was observed in ASE neurons through L1 to adult stages ( Altun et al., 2009) ( Pereira et al., 2015 Takayama et al., 2010 Li and Kim, 2008 Etchberger et al, 2007 Johnston et al., 2005 Kim and Li, 2004 Rogers et al., 2003 Nathoo et al., 2001 Pierce et al, 2001 O. Despite earlier reports suggesting FLP-5 and FLP-21 are expressed in ASE neurons, later studies indicate they are not see Li and Kim, 2008-table 2.) NLP-7 bilaterally expressed ( Nathoo et al., 2001 ) vs only in ASER (Takayama et al., 2010). INS-1 insulin-like peptide, orthologous to human insulin Although these neurons are left–right homologs anatomically, they exhibit marked asymmetries in gene expression and function ( Cochella and Hobert, 2012 ). ASE axon projects into ring via amphid commissure from ventral ganglion, makes diverse synaptic connections in ring neuropil. In mutants lacking these proteins, the dendrite fails to anchor at the nose and is dragged along with the migrating cell body, giving rise to a short dendritic stub (Heiman and Shaham, 2010). This process is dependent on DEX-1 or DYF-7, secreted extracellular matrix proteins which act cooperatively for anchoring. They then anchor a short projection there, after which the cell body migrates away, stretching the dendrite out behind it. Like all other amphid neurons, ASE are born near the presumptive nose of the embryo during development. Type: Sensory neuron (chemosensory (gustatory), CO 2-sensory)ĭescription: Amphid neurons, single (A sE) ciliated endings.
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